Process of carbonizing material.



PATENTED NOV. 17, 1 903.

B. ZWILLINGER.

PROCESS OF GARBQNIZING MATERIAL.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 5, 1903.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

N0 MODEL.

%w M M 6 I WITNESSES;

THE NORRiS PETERS co. mom-Limb" WASHINGTON, n. c.

No. 744,670.- I PATENTED NOV. 17,1903.

B. ZWILLINGER.

PROCESS OF CARBONIZING MATERIAL.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 5, 1903. N0 MODEL. 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

' lNVENTOH 24 A ZTORNEYT -4 WITNESSES: Q

v mauunms versus :0. moraumo, \vnsnmo'rou u c UNITED STATES PatentedNovember 17, 1903.

I PATENT OFFICE.

BERNHARD ZWILLINGER, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO AMERICAN .FUEL ANDDISTILLATION COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

PROCESSOF CARBONIZING MATERIAL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 744,670, datedNovember 17, 1903.

Original application filed November 23, 1899, SerialNo. 738.017. Dividedand this application filed June 5, 1903. Serial No. 160,266. (Nospecimens.)

To all whom it may concern/.-

Beit known that LBERNHARD Z WILLINGER, a citizen of the United States,residing in the borough of Manhattan city, county, and State of NewYork, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes ofCarbonizing Material, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to a process of carbonizing wood, peat, and othermaterial carbonelevation of the apparatus, and Fig. II is a plan viewwith the kiln partially broken away and in section.

Stated generally, the process consists in carbonizing wood or othermaterial carbonizable at a heat,say, not exceeding 800 Fahrenheit by theuse of the so-called permanent gases heated by external means to aboutthe temperature at which the carbonization of the wood or other materialtakes 3 5 place.

, I effect the carbonization of wood by partially deoxygenizingatmospheric air and then effecting the carbonization of .the wood bypassing this air in a heated condition through the said wood, carryin goff with it the so-called permanent gases and storing the surplus, andwhen a sufliicient quantity of gases from the wood has been obtained thecarbonization of the material is continued and finished under theexclusion of deoxygenized air, em-

ploying only the gases from the wood. There is a further refinement oradjunct in my process by which after carbonization has been effected thecharge is cooled down by the employment of the permanent gases in acooled void of free oxygen. I -I will now proceed to describe theapparacondition or other gases for the most part de 'tus'and the processin its various phases.

In the drawings, K represents an ordinary kiln'or beehive-oven.

C represents an air compressor.

W represents a washer.

D indicates a hydraulic main.

R represents a cooler, B a vessel in the na-. ture of a Wulff bottle,and G a gas-holder.

The kiln- K is preferably provided with a side door K and with a systemof pipes K", practically covering the floor of the said kiln andperforated for the distribution of the gas to the kiln. Theair-compressor C is connected by apipe G below the level of a body ofwater W, contained in the washer W. The washer W also contains a sprayeror sparger W The function of the washer is to partially deoxy- 7o genizethe air pumped through the same at the beginning of the carbonizingoperation.

A siphon W serves to regulate the water-level in the washer. The washerW is connected bya pipe W to the coil F 9f a heater F, by which the airand permanent gases are heated prior to the introduction of the sameinto the kiln K. r The coil F is in turn connected by pipe F to a drum Fto which a suitable pyrometer T may be connected. The drum E isconnected by pipe K to the pipe systemK and on the floor of the kiln,asnitable Valve F being provided for purposes hereinafter described. Apipe or conduit K leads from the kiln K to a drum or hydraulic main D,from which a pipe Y leads to a cooler R, where the'gases are cooled andcondensed. A pipe B leads from the cooler to a vessel B in the nature ofa Wulff bottle. The waterlevel in the Wulfi bottle is regulated by thego siphon B. A pipe B leads from the Wulff bottle to the gas-holder G,which gas-holder is used as a store-holder for the surplus gases. Thereis a by-pass connection B between the pipe B and the pipe B B areprovided for purposes hereinafter to be described. A pipe G connects thegasholder G with the air-compressor C. A pipe 0 connects with a pipe .W,which intervenes between the drum F in the kiln and the 100 Valves B Band t washer W. A valve W is provided to coni kiln through the coil Rand through the bytrol the flow of fluid through the pipe W connectingthe pipes in the heater, and a valve W is provided to control the flowthrough the pipe a valve W being likewise provided in the pipe W I maystate in general that the air-compressor serves to propel the gases inorder to heat them, the carbonization taking place in the kiln K, ahydraulic main cooler and Wulif bottle serving to condense theless-volatile products.

Having described the apparatus, I shall proceed to describe theprocessin its various phases. I proceed as follows: A quantity ofatmospheric air is forced by the air-compressor through the washer andfrom thence passes through the coil of the pipe F into the kiln. Theproducts of combustion pass out of the kiln through the pipe K andhydraulic main D and then pass to the condenser or cooler R, from whichthey proceed to the gas-holder, from which they may be returned on thesame circuit as before. After the carbonization process is concluded thekiln and the charge therein may be cooled by circulating the permanentgases as follows: by taking the store of permanent gases from thegas-reservoir G, conducting them to the compressor 0 and from thencethrough the pipes C and W to the kiln and then passing the gases out ofthe pass pipe E the Wulif bottle 13 being cut out by manipulating theproper valves. It is also unnecessary to pass these gases through thewasher or deoxygenizing apparatus. It will be understood, however, thatI do not herein claim the cooling process, as the same forms thesubject-matter of an application filed by me February 24, 1902, SerialNo. 95,161.

Having described my invention, What I claim, and desire to secure byLetters Patent,

The herein-described process of carbonization, which consists inpreliminarily deoxygenizing atmospheric air, heating the resultant gasto such a temperature as to eifect the carbonization of the carbonizablematerial in the kiln at a temperature not exceeding 800 Fahrenheit, andacting upon the said material with the said heated gas, removing theproducts of carbonization and thereupon continuing the carbonization byheating and circulating the said products of carbonization through thekiln so as to efiect the carbonization at a temperature not exceeding800 Fahrenheit.

BERNHARD ZWILLINGER.

Witnesses:

CONRAD KREMP, Gno. E. MORSE.

